This casecontrol study aimed to identify the risk factors for oral cancer in patients aged 45 years and under. Risk factors of oral cancer a hospital based case control study ncbi. Infections in the oral cavity may be an important preventable cause of cancer. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors, and prevention cancer. This is probably due to a decrease in smoking and alcohol consumption, both of which are risk factors for the disease. Although globally oral cancer representsan incidence of 3% males and 2% females ofall malignant neoplasms, it has one of the lowest survival rates 50percent, within a fiveyear period 11. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common malignancies, 1 especially in developing countries, but also in the developed world 2.
Oral cancer is twice as prevalent in men as it is in women, and the average age at diagnosis is 62. Limited number of similar studies have been conducted in the middle eastern female population. Sep 23, 2016 also included here are some facts on oral cancer, with risk factors and a profile of those at highest risk. The overview of oral cancer and risk factors in bangladesh. Article information, pdf download for early diagnosis of oral cancer. Some of the discussed risk factors are well known, including smoking. Nonsmoking tobacco products for example, snuff, dip, spit, chew, or dissolvable tobacco are also associated with an increased risk of oral cancer. Although early diagnosis is relatively easy, presentation with advanced disease is. What are the reasons for delay in seeking help from a clinician among young oral cancer patients. Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk.
Tobacco use of any kind, including cigarette smoking, puts you at. Over 7,000 oral cancer related deaths are expected. Its estimated that 75 to 80 percent of those with oral cancer drink alcohol frequently. Jan 20, 2009 risk factors for lip and oral cancer include excessive sun exposure, tobacco, and excessive alcohol use, says scott mclean, md, director of the head and neck cancer program at henry ford. A risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. The prevention of oral cancer, its early detection and care are crucial for the reduction of mortality and morbidity of this serious oral disease.
It includes cancer of the lips, tongue, cheeks, gums, salivary glands, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses and pharynx. The 2 most important modifiable risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Our knowledge on prevention and treatment of cancer is increasing, yet the number of new cases grows every year. Considering known risk factors, oral cancer appears to be to a certain extent, a preventable disease. Oral cancer is a preventable disease, where smoking and alcoholconsidered major risk factorsare present in 90% of cases, having them both a synergic effect. Approximately 49,700 americans are diagnosed each year with this largely preventable type of cancer that affects the mouth andor pharynx. A total of 2261 participants were interviewed in a crosssectional study, to investigate associations between sociodemographic descriptive variables and knowledge of oral cancer, risk factors. All forms of tobacco increase a persons risk of oral cancer. Heavy, regular alcohol consumption is a risk factor for oral cancer. Oral health is very important part of human health and cannot lead good life without it. Oral cancer national institute of dental and craniofacial.
Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients. Learn more about the risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngealcancer. Although early diagnosis is relatively easy, presentation with advanced disease is not uncommon. Oral cancer risk factors in new zealand article pdf available in the new zealand medical journal 1451. It is estimated that more than 40,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year. Risk factors for breast cancer in women iv other factors appeared to have a moderate level of increased risk rr 1. Dec 18, 2010 public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low question. Lohe and others published risk factors in oral cancer find, read and cite all the research you need on. Risk factors for postoperative complications in oral cancer. Risk factors for postoperative complications in oral. Having a family history of oral cancer is a risk factor, as some gene mutations linked to cancers of the mouth and throat can be passed down from parent to child.
Recent development of molecular picture of pathoprogression and. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer. Global data on incidence of oral cancer map pdf, 256kb. Interest in the role of inflammation on cancer, as well as the many parallels that exist between risk factors for heart disease and cancer e. The details of oral cancer screening registered dental. Infection with the sexually transmitted hpv16 virus has been linked to a subset of oral cancers. Tobacco in 2007 the iarc concluded that there is quite evidence to establish that snuff smoke is carcinogenic, and for example, it causes cancer of the oral cavity and pancreas 6. The greatest risk factor for oral cancer in the western world is the use of tobacco and alcohol 812. Risk factors for oral cancer in newly diagnosed patients aged. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Approximately 30 000 new cases of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer are diagnosed annually in the united states, with almost 58% being located in the tongue and other parts of mouth. This study aimed to explore any possible correlation between the contemporary and duration of ocs use among jordanian women and the risk of breast cancer.
However, researchers have found factors that increase or decrease the chance of getting breast cancer. Risk factors for oral cancer what are the risk factors. Show full abstract oral cancer, risk factors, disease precursor lesions, and health professional of choice for diagnosis. Oral cancer risk factors and diagnosis everyday health. Findings of the 7 million deaths from cancer worldwide in 2001, an estimated 243 million 35% were attributable to nine potentially modi. Infection caused by certain types of a common sexually transmitted virus called human papillomavirus hpv has also been linked to oral cancer of the throat. The risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancer is greatly increased by 2 factors. The likelihood of getting oral cancer and suffering its negative effects can be lessened. Despite recent advances in cancer diagnoses and therapies, the 5. Evidence is based more strongly on studies with prospective exposure assessment. Background the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer can be limited by the risk of postoperative complications. Risk factors for oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers a risk factor is anything that changes a persons chance of getting a disease such as cancer. The national institute of dental and craniofacial research cites the five most common contributors to oral cancers as.
The main risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption, with these factors accounting for an estimated 90% of all oral cancers. Although oral cancer undoubtedly has a multifaceted etiology, tobacco use and alcohol consumption are widely considered to be its major risk factors. Oral cancer most often occurs in people over the age of 40. Breast cancer is complex and likely caused by a combination of risk factors. Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer causes, risk factors. Risk factors an estimated 25 percent of oral cancer patients have no known risk factors. Tobacco and alcohol are the most important risk factors for oral cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma scc is the most common histology and the main etiological factors are tobacco and alcohol use 3. Development of oral cancer risk factors and prevention.
Early identification of risk factors based on clinical characteristics may assist therapeutic planning. Aug 22, 2019 a persons risk for oral cancer increases the longer he or she smokes. Objectives to identify risk factors for these complications and to evaluate their prognostic significance methods the medical records of 110 patients with oral squamous cell. A general term for oral malignant tumor 84 words 6 pages. Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors. We applied population attributable fractions for individual and multiple risk factors to sitespeci. A doseresponse metaanalysis of observational studies. The use of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco and excessive consumption of alcohol are the prominent risk factors in oral cancer re. This includes smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes, as well as chewing tobacco. Risk factors for lip and oral cancer include excessive sun exposure, tobacco, and excessive alcohol use, says scott mclean, md, director of.
The risk associated with alcohol was mostly evident for wine cancer of the tongue and cachaca all sites, a hard liquor distilled from sugar cane. The table considers the hormonal and reproductive risk factors in association to risk of the cancer site overall. During the same period, 5year survival rates also increased. There has been a nearly fivefold increase in incidence in oral cancer patients under age 40, many with no known risk factors 12. A persons risk for oral cancer increases the longer he or she smokes. Tobacco use, including both smoked and smokeless e. Oral cancer is also reported in bangladesh and more than 7000 people are diagnosed each year and 6. Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer sciencedirect. Top risk factors for oral cancer american dental association. In fact, smokers are six times more likely to get an oral cancer than nonsmokers. Alcohol and tobacco remain the greatest risk factors and using them in combination increases the risk 15 times over the use of one or the other.
For more information please download the file below, a global data on incidence of oral cancer map which. A risk factor is something that increases the risk of developing cancer. Breast cancer risk factors what affects your risk of getting breast cancer. The known risk factors for oral cancer, which commonly affects the tongue or lips, are smoking and other tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Oral cancer refers to cancers of the head and neck. Oral cancer risk factors and symptoms verywell mind. Tobacco and alcohol use are the most significant risk factors for developing oral cancer. Contents introduction global scenario of oral cancer spectrum of oral cancer in india epidemiological studies aetiology and risk factors staging of oral cancer prevention of oral cancer cancer registration in india conclusion previous year questions references 3. Nonsmoking tobacco products for example, snuff, dip, spit, chew, or dissolvable tobacco are.
Heavy alcohol use also increases your chances of developing the disease. Global oral cancer incidence british dental journal. Also included here are some facts on oral cancer, with risk factors and a profile of those at highest risk. Oral cancer is very dreadful disease that affects many people each year all over the world and it is eleventh most dominate cancer in the world. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is. Oral health professionals have an obligation to patients to educate them about the very real threat of oral cancer, helping them understand that screening for oral cancer is as important as cervical, prostate, or breast cancer screenings. And using tobacco plus alcohol poses a much greater risk than using either substance alone. Risk factors for developing oral cancer one of the biggest risk factors for oral cancer is tobacco use. For example, exposing skin to strong sunlight is a risk factor for skin cancer. Early diagnosis of oral cancer t baykul, hh yilmaz, u aydin, ma. Overall, oral cancer rates have increased approximately 15% from the mid1970s until the latest national cancer institute survey. Mar 20, 2015 it is estimated that more than 40,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year. Up to 75% of oral cancers may be attributed to exposure to tobacco or alcohol.
The risk of developing oral cancer increases with age and is greatest after 45 years of age. The nccn guidelines panel for cervical cancer screening endorses the following guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. This paper is an overview of the various etiological agents and risk factors implicated in the development of oral cancer. As oral cancer shares common risk factors like tobacco smoking with many noncommunicable diseases, close collaboration and joint work with other health professionalsagencies are therefore essential. The incidence of oral cancer and death rate has been declining since the late 1970s.
Sep 01, 2015 oral cancer is a preventable disease, where smoking and alcoholconsidered major risk factorsare present in 90% of cases, having them both a synergic effect. Other important risk factors were drinking chimarrao a type of mate, use of a wood stove for cooking, and frequent consumption of charcoal. Alcohol is second only to smoking as a risk factor for mouth and head and neck cancer. Public awareness of oral cancer and associated risk factors is low question. American cancer society, american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology, and american society for clinical pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. The lifestyle behaviours associated to oral cancer with convincing evidence are tobacco use, betel quid chewing, alcohol drinking, low fruit and vegetable consumption the detrimental lifestyle is high fat andor sugar intake, resulting in low fruit andor vegetable intake.
Risk factors for oral cancer canadian cancer society. Over the past 30 years, a series of authoritative reports issued by the u. This book aims to provide the reader with a complete understanding of the development of oral cancer by explaining the role of a wide variety of implicated risk factors and identifying their gene targets and key regulators. Infectious and dietary risk factors of oral cancer sciencedirect. Mar 03, 2017 oral cancer risk factors in new zealand article pdf available in the new zealand medical journal 1451. However, patients without obvious risk factors can develop oral cancer and premalignant lesions.
Oral contraceptives ocs use has been linked to increased risk of breast cancer bc in several reports from the world. This years mouth cancer action month will be taking place from november 2016. The 58th world health assembly resolution on cancer prevention and control wha58. Smokeless tobacco is strong, independent risk factor for oral cancer development in our study population.
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